MAMMOGRAPHY

MAMMORGRAPHY

A special radiography exists to demonstrate the soft tissue detail of the breast. This technique is called mammography and is carried out with a dedicated, specialized radiography equipment. called mammography equipment.

ANATOMY OF THE BREAST

Breast or mammary glands is a hemispherical soft tissue structure located in the anterior chest wall from 2 to 6 ribs superficial to the muscles. The size varies with the age, and under the effect of hormones eg, in menstrual cycle, pregnancy and lactation

The nipple is a small projection containing a collection of duct openings from the secretory glands within the breast fissue. The dark area surrounding the nipple is termed the areola. The junction of the inferior part of the breast with the anterior chest wall is called the infra-mammary crease. The axillary tail is a band of tissue that wraps around the pectoral muscle laterally. The width of the breast greater than the vertical measurement.

The large pectoralis major muscle overlies the whole thorax. A fibrous sheet surrounds the breast below the skin surface and also covers the pectorals major muscle, which join in the retro mammary space. This retro mammary space must be demonstrated on at least one projection during the radiographic study of the mammary gland.

TWO BASIC VIEWS TAKEN IS MAMMOGRAPHY ARE

Craniocaudal (CC) view

Mediolateral oblique (MLO) view

TECHNICAL FACTORS

✓Film size-8x10 in, crosswise or-10 x 12 in., crosswise

✓Moving grid

✓25 to 28k V p.

PATIENT POSITION

Standing or seated on a stool

Part Position For  

CRANIO CAUDAL (CC) PROJECTION.

Film tray height is determined by lifting the breast to achieve a 90" angle to the chest wall. The tray will be at the level of the infra-mammary crease at its upper limits.

The breast is pulled forward into the film holder centrally with the nipple in profile.

The head is turned away from the side being imaged.

Wrinkles and folds on the breast should be smoothed out and compression applied.

The marker and patient ID information is always placed on the axillary side.

CENTRAL RAY

in suspended breathing.

Perpendicular centered to the base of the breast, the chest wall edge of the cassette

SID:  is fixed for the machine, appropriately 60 cm.

MEDIOLATERAL OBLIQUE (MLO) PROJECTION

TECHNICAL FACTORS

✓Film size-8 x 10 in, crosswise or-10 x 12 in, crosswise

✓Moving grid

✓25 to 28 KVp

PATIENT POSITION

Standing or seated on a stool.

Part Position.

Tube is angled about 45° to that the central ray enters from the medial side of the breast perpendicular to the patient's pectoral muscle.

The film holder's height is adjusted so that the top of the film will be at the level of the axilla.

The patient holds the bar on the side of the unit with the hand so that the axillary fold is placed on the cassette.

Push the patient slightly towards the angled film holder and pull breast tissue and pectoral muscle anteriorly away from chest wall until the inferolateral aspect of the breast is touching the film holder.

Apply compression slowly with the breast held away from the chest wall.

The upper edge of the compression device will rest under the clavicle and the lower edge will include the infra mammary fold. Wrinkles and folds on the breast should be smoothes out and adequate compression applied.

The marker should be placed high and at the axilla.

CENTRAL RAY

Perpendicular centered to the base of the breast at the level of chest wall.

SID: approximately 60 cm.

The patient should remain immobile and suspend her breathing while exposure is being made

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